Crystals in Cat Urine: Why They Form and How Vets Treat Them

If your cat is straining to urinate, visiting the litter box frequently, or crying out in discomfort, urinary crystals could be to blame. These tiny mineral deposits can irritate the bladder, block urine flow, and lead to dangerous complications if untreated.

Why Crystals Form

Crystals develop when minerals in the urine (like magnesium, calcium, or phosphate) bind together. Contributing factors can include:

• Dehydration or concentrated urine
  
• Diets too high in certain minerals
  
• Urinary tract infections
  
• Genetic predisposition
  

Male cats are at greater risk of complete blockages due to their narrower urethras — a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Straining or frequent trips to the litter box
  
• Small or no urine output
  
• Blood in urine
  
• Crying, licking the genital area, or hiding
  
• Loss of appetite or lethargy
  

Treatment and Prevention

Your veterinarian may perform a urinalysis and imaging to identify crystal type and severity. Treatment often includes fluid therapy, prescription urinary diets, and medications to reduce inflammation or infection. In severe cases, hospitalization or surgery may be necessary.

Keeping your cat hydrated with fresh water and wet food can help prevent recurrence.

If your cat is showing signs of urinary discomfort, call us immediately — prompt care can prevent serious complications.